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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Optical medium ： ウィキペディア英語版 Optical medium An optical medium is material through which electromagnetic waves propagate. It is a form of transmission medium. The permittivity and permeability of the medium define how electromagnetic waves propagate in it. The medium has an ''intrinsic impedance'', given by ::$\backslash eta\; =$ where $E\_x$ and $H\_y$ are the electric field and magnetic field, respectively. In a region with no electrical conductivity, the expression simplifies to: ::$\backslash eta\; =\; \backslash sqrt\backslash \; .$ For example, in free space the intrinsic impedance is called the characteristic impedance of vacuum, denoted ''Z''0, and ::$Z\_0\; =\; \backslash sqrt\backslash \; .$ Waves propagate through a medium with velocity $c\_w\; =\; \backslash nu\; \backslash lambda$, where $\backslash nu$ is the frequency and $\backslash lambda$ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves. This equation also may be put in the form :$c\_w\; =\; \backslash \; ,$ where $\backslash omega$ is the angular frequency of the wave and $k$ is the wavenumber of the wave. In electrical engineering, the symbol $\backslash beta$, called the ''phase constant'', is often used instead of $k$. The propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves in free space, an idealized standard reference state (like absolute zero for temperature), is conventionally denoted by ''c''0:〔With ISO 31-5, NIST and the BIPM have adopted the notation ''c''0.〕 :$c\_0\; =\; \{1\; \backslash over\; \backslash sqrt\{\backslash varepsilon\_0\; \backslash mu\_0\}\}\backslash \; ,$ :where $\backslash varepsilon\_0$ is the electric constant and $~\; \backslash mu\_0\; \backslash$ is the magnetic constant. For a general introduction, see Serway〔 〕 For a discussion of man-made media, see Joannopoulus.〔 〕 ==Notes and references== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Optical medium」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.